Making six simple lifestyle tweaks can cut your dementia risk, say experts – as diagnoses hit record high of almost 500,000

Adopting six healthy lifestyle habits could slash your risk of developing dementia, research suggests. 

Experts also said benefits could be achieved from getting just ten minutes exercise a day — half of what is recommended. 

Dementia, a condition where the function of the brain is impacted robbing sufferers of the memories and independence, is on the rise.

In England alone, the number of diagnoses has risen to 487,432 as of June this year, a rise of 12 per cent compared to January.

Rising rates are thought to be down to a combination of an ageing population, increased awareness of symptoms leading to more people seeking a test, and increased prevalence of the risk factors that can lead to dementia.  

Around 900,000 Brits are currently thought to have the memory-robbing disorder. But University College London scientists estimate this will rise to 1.7million within two decades as people live longer. It marks a 40 per cent uptick on the previous forecast in 2017

But experts say making just a few lifestyle tweaks could significantly decrease your risk of developing the condition.  

One recent Chinese study, assessed hundreds of participants were on how healthy their life was, giving them a score between zero and six based on various factors.

For example, carrying out a ‘healthy’ level of exercise awarded them one point. 

In contrast volunteers who didn’t break a sweat for at least ten minutes a day for three or four days a week got nothing for this category. 

The other lifestyle habits related to alcohol consumption, smoking status and quality of sleep. Social interaction and having hobbies were the other two factors.

All of the 2,537 volunteers, free of dementia when the study began, were tracked for two years. 

Analysis showed participants who scored at least four points in total were 29 per cent less likely to show signs of cognitive decline by the end, compared with anyone given three or below.

And every one point increase in total score was linked to an 18 per cent lower risk of cognitive decline, which is considered a precursor to dementia,  said researchers at Beijing‘s Chinese PLA General Hospital.

Benefits also appeared even starker among participants who had suffered from cardiometabolic diseases, such as a stroke or heart attack. 

Leading an inactive lifestyle — defined as scoring three or below — was linked to a 3-fold risk of early cognitive decline. 

Some 29.98 per cent of early cognitive decline cases would ‘not have occurred if all older adults with cardiometabolic diseases had been adhering to an active lifestyle’, the authors said.  

Participants were 60 and above and were quizzed about their daily exercise habits and medical history.

A physical exam also measured their height, weight and blood pressure, while blood samples were taken to assess their blood glucose and cholesterol levels. 

The volunteers were then surveyed on the six lifestyle factors linked to dementia and monitored for a diagnosis of the disease. 

But they can also be a sign of dementia — the memory-robbing condition plaguing nearly 1million Brits and seven million Americans

In the study, one point was given to volunteers who met each of the below categories:

• Exercise: Being active for more than ten minutes ‘almost every day’ or ‘three or four days a week’. 
• Smoking status: Either never having smoked or had quit smoking.  
• Alcohol consumption: Rarely drinking each month.
• Social contact: Meeting more than three times a month for social activities or three times a week with others in the neighbourhood.  
• Leisure activities: Either reading books or newspapers every day, using the internet daily or playing cards at least twice a week. 
• Sleep quality: Falling asleep or not waking up easily. 

The study, published in the Journal of Affective Disorders, came with its own flaws, however.

Scientists did not consider the impact of other sleep factors, like getting less than the bare minimum of seven hours sleep a night.

Around 900,000 people in the UK and seven million in the US have dementia, an umbrella term used for several brain diseases that affect memory, thinking and cognition.

Other studies have also linked lifestyle factors with increased risk of dementia.  

In 2020, the Lancet Commission concluded up to 40 per cent of cases could be prevented or delayed by targeting 12 modifiable risk factors, including obesity, type 2 diabetes, physical inactivity, excess alcohol intake and smoking.

Scientists hope that by raising awareness of risk factors – which change as we age – people can take steps to reduce their chances of getting the disease.

While the number of dementia cases diagnosed in England is a record, analysts estimate it only accounts for 65 per cent of the real number of cases.

This means hundreds of thousands of Brits are living with the condition but not getting any support.

Dementia cannot be cured however medication and therapies are available to help slow its progression and combat the symptoms. 

Treating dementia already costs the UK £4billion each year, though this is predicted to more than double to £90billion in the next 15 year. 

It is also one of the country’s biggest killers, accounting for the death of one in 10 Brits. 

Britain isn’t alone in facing an increasing toll from dementia with experts predicting global cases of the condition will triple to 153million by 2050.

Global rates, much like the UK’s, are expected to rise due to ageing populations and increasing poor diet and lack of exercise leading to an increase in dementia risk factors.  

WHAT IS DEMENTIA?

Dementia is an umbrella term used to describe a range of neurological disorders

A GLOBAL CONCERN 

Dementia is an umbrella term used to describe a range of progressive neurological disorders (those affecting the brain) which impact memory, thinking and behaviour. 

There are many types of dementia, of which Alzheimer’s disease is the most common.

Some people may have a combination of different types of dementia.

Regardless of which type is diagnosed, each person will experience dementia in their own unique way.

Dementia is a global concern but it is most often seen in wealthier countries, where people are likely to live into very old age.

HOW MANY PEOPLE ARE AFFECTED?

The Alzheimer’s Society reports there are more than 900,000 people living with dementia in the UK today. This is projected to rise to 1.6 million by 2040.

Alzheimer’s disease is the most common type of dementia, affecting between 50 and 75 per cent of those diagnosed.

In the US, it’s estimated there are 5.5 million Alzheimer’s sufferers. A similar percentage rise is expected in the coming years.

As a person’s age increases, so does the risk of them developing dementia.

Rates of diagnosis are improving but many people with dementia are thought to still be undiagnosed.

IS THERE A CURE?

Currently there is no cure for dementia.

But new drugs can slow down its progression and the earlier it is spotted, the more effective treatments can be.

Source: Alzheimer’s Society